GERUND OR İNFİNİTİVE

**arachnanthe** · 05-12-2008, Saat: 12:27

<DIV><H2><A name=verb></A>1. Following a verb (gerund or infinitive)</H2>Both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. Consult the lists below to find out which form to use following which verbs.<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="5%" rowSpan=2></TD><TD vAlign=top width="50%">I expect to have the report done by Friday.</TD><TD vAlign=top width="45%">[INFINITIVE]</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>I anticipate having the report done by Friday.</TD><TD vAlign=top>[GERUND]</TD></TR></T></TBODY></TABLE><H3>Some common verbs followed by a gerund (note that phrasal verbs, marked here with *, always fall into this category): </H3><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=1 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="20%">acknowledge</TD><TD vAlign=top width="80%">She acknowledged receiving assistance.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>* accuse of</TD><TD vAlign=top>He was accused of smuggling contraband goods.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>admit</TD><TD vAlign=top>They admitted falsifying the data.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>advise</TD><TD vAlign=top>The author advises undertaking further study.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>anticipate</TD><TD vAlign=top>He anticipates having trouble with his supervisor.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>appreciate</TD><TD vAlign=top>I appreciated having a chance to read your draft.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>avoid</TD><TD vAlign=top>He avoided answering my question.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>complete</TD><TD vAlign=top>I finally completed writing my thesis.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>consider</TD><TD vAlign=top>They will consider granting you money.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>defer</TD><TD vAlign=top>She deferred writing her report.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>delay</TD><TD vAlign=top>We delayed reporting the results until we were sure.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>deny</TD><TD vAlign=top>They denied copying the information.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>discuss</TD><TD vAlign=top>They discussed running the experiments again.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>entail</TD><TD vAlign=top>This review procedure entails repeating the test.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>* look after</TD><TD vAlign=top>He will look after mailing the tickets.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>* insist on</TD><TD vAlign=top>He insisted on proofreading the article again.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>involve</TD><TD vAlign=top>This procedure involves testing each sample twice.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>justify</TD><TD vAlign=top>My results justify taking drastic action.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>mention</TD><TD vAlign=top>The author mentions seeing this event. </TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>* plan on</TD><TD vAlign=top>They had planned on attending the conference.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>postpone</TD><TD vAlign=top>The committee has postponed writing the report.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>recall</TD><TD vAlign=top>I cannot recall getting those results before.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>resent</TD><TD vAlign=top>He resented spending so much time on the project.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>recommend</TD><TD vAlign=top>She recommends reading Marx.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>resist</TD><TD vAlign=top>The writer resists giving any easy answers.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>risk</TD><TD vAlign=top>She risks losing her viewing time.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>sanction</TD><TD vAlign=top>They will not sanction copying without permission.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>suggest</TD><TD vAlign=top>I suggest repeating the experiment.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>* take care of</TD><TD vAlign=top>He will take care of sending it to you.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>tolerate</TD><TD vAlign=top>She can't tolerate waiting for results.</TD></TR></T></TBODY></TABLE><H3>Some common verbs followed by an infinitive:</H3><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=1 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="20%"></TD><TD vAlign=top width="80%"></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>afford</TD><TD vAlign=top>We cannot afford to hesitate.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>agree</TD><TD vAlign=top>The professors agreed to disagree.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>appear</TD><TD vAlign=top>The results appear to support your theory.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>arrange</TD><TD vAlign=top>They had arranged to meet at noon.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>beg</TD><TD vAlign=top>I beg to differ with you.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>care</TD><TD vAlign=top>Would you care to respond?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>claim</TD><TD vAlign=top>She claims to have new data.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>consent</TD><TD vAlign=top>Will you consent to run for office?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>decide</TD><TD vAlign=top>When did he decide to withdraw?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>demand</TD><TD vAlign=top>I demand to see the results of the survey.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>deserve</TD><TD vAlign=top>She deserves to have a fair hearing.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>expect</TD><TD vAlign=top>The committee expects to decide by tomorrow.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>fail</TD><TD vAlign=top>The trial failed to confirm his hypothesis.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>hesitate</TD><TD vAlign=top>I hesitate to try the experiment again.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>hope</TD><TD vAlign=top>What do you hope to accomplish?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>learn</TD><TD vAlign=top>We have learned to proceed with caution.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>manage</TD><TD vAlign=top>How did she manage to find the solution?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>neglect</TD><TD vAlign=top>The author neglected to provide an index.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>need</TD><TD vAlign=top>Do we need to find new subjects?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>offer</TD><TD vAlign=top>We could offer to change the time of the meeting.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>plan</TD><TD vAlign=top>They had planned to attend the conference.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>prepare</TD><TD vAlign=top>He was not prepared to give a lecture.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>pretend</TD><TD vAlign=top>I do not pretend to know the answer.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>promise</TD><TD vAlign=top>They promise to demonstrate the new equipment.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>refuse</TD><TD vAlign=top>She refused to cooperate any longer.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>seem</TD><TD vAlign=top>Something seems to be wrong with your design.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>struggle</TD><TD vAlign=top>We struggled to understand her point of view.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>swear</TD><TD vAlign=top>He swears to tell the truth.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>threaten</TD><TD vAlign=top>The team threatened to stop their research.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>volunteer</TD><TD vAlign=top>Will you volunteer to lead the group?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>wait</TD><TD vAlign=top>We could not wait to hear the outcome.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>want</TD><TD vAlign=top>She did not want to go first.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>wish</TD><TD vAlign=top>Do you wish to participate?</TD></TR></T></TBODY></TABLE><DIV align=right></DIV><HR SIZE=3><H2><A name=prep></A>2. Following a preposition (gerund only)</H2>Gerunds can follow a preposition; infinitives cannot.<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=1 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="5%" rowSpan=4></TD><TD vAlign=top width="95%">Can you touch your toes without bending your knees? </TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>He was fined for driving over the speed limit.</TD></TR></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>She got the money by selling the car. </TD></TR></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>A corkscrew is a tool for taking corks out of bottles.</TD></TR></T></TBODY></TABLE>Note: Take care not to confuse the preposition "to" with an infinitive form, or with an auxiliary form such as have to, used to, going to<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=1 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="5%" rowSpan=3></TD><TD vAlign=top width="50%">He went back to writing his paper.</TD><TD vAlign=top width="45%">[PREPOSITION + GERUND]</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>I used to live in Mexico.</TD><TD vAlign=top>[AUXILIARY + VERB]</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>I want to go home. </TD><TD vAlign=top>[VERB + INFINITIVE]</TD></TR></T></TBODY></TABLE><DIV align=right></DIV><HR SIZE=3><H2><A name=indobj></A>3. Following an indirect object (infinitive only)</H2>Some verbs are followed by a pronoun or noun referring to a person, and then an infinitive. Gerunds cannot be used in this position.<H3>Some common verbs followed by an indirect object plus an infinitive:</H3><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=1 width="100%"><T><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width="20%">ask</TD><TD vAlign=top width="80%">I must ask you to reconsider your statement.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>beg</TD><TD vAlign=top>They begged her to stay for another term.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>cause</TD><TD vAlign=top>His findings caused him to investigate further.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>challenge</TD><TD vAlign=top>Wilkins challenged Watson to continue the research.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>convince</TD><TD vAlign=top>Can we convince them to fund our study?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>encourage</TD><TD vAlign=top>She encouraged him to look beyond the obvious.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>expect</TD><TD vAlign=top>They did not expect us to win an award.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>forbid</TD><TD vAlign=top>The author forbade me to change his wording.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>force</TD><TD vAlign=top>They cannot force her to reveal her sources.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>hire</TD><TD vAlign=top>Did the department hire him to teach the new course?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>instruct</TD><TD vAlign=top>I will instruct her to prepare a handout.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>invite</TD><TD vAlign=top>We invite you to attend the ceremony.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>need</TD><TD vAlign=top>They need her to show the slides.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>order</TD><TD vAlign=top>He ordered the group to leave the building.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>persuade</TD><TD vAlign=top>Can we persuade you to contribute again?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>remind</TD><TD vAlign=top>Please remind him to check the references.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>require</TD><TD vAlign=top>They will require you to submit an outline.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>teach</TD><TD vAlign=top>We should teach them to follow standard procedures.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>tell</TD><TD vAlign=top>Did she tell him to make three copies?</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>urge</TD><TD vAlign=top>I urge you to read the instructions before you begin.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>want</TD><TD vAlign=top>I do not want you to have an accident.</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top>warn</TD><TD vAlign=top>Why didn't they warn me to turn down the heat?</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><DIV></DIV>

**mustafa** · 05-12-2008, Saat: 22:55

bu ne simdi bende turkce cevrısı vardır bıse kaparız dedım ama yokmus

**arachnanthe** · 05-12-2008, Saat: 23:01

lazım olan anlar ne olduğunu online derlerimiz yakında baslıyacak

Giriş Yap
Kullanıcı Adı/E-Posta
Şifreniz:	Şifremi Unuttum?
	Beni Hatırla